Overview
Description
Large; antennae short; maxillary palps reduced to tiny projection; labial palps appressed to frons; epiphysis present, fore leg fully developed but pulvilli and aerolium reduced, spurs 0-2-2 or 2-1-1, tarsal claws usually simple; fore wing with R
4
and R
5
usually stalked, CuP usually present near base (often said to be a cross-vein between CuA and 1A), 2 anal veins, 2A stalked with 1A terminating on dorsum; hind wing with humeral vein present, Sc connected to Rs near base by R
1
, 1 anal vein. Egg nearly spherical, smooth or with raised protuberances, usually laid singly. Larva stout, often with paired fleshy dorsal processes, thorax sometimes humped; a forked, eversible osmeterium, which emits a pungent odour can be extruded from dorsum of prothorax, crochets triordinal. Pupa exposed, attached by cremaster to a silken pad and by a central girdle of silk, head sometimes bifid, or thorax with a median horn.